Retail atmospherics are quite well studied but are poorly explained Essay

Retail atmospherics are quite well studied but are poorly explained - Essay Example Before examining the claim that retail atmospherics are thoroughly studied but not stated well, we need to define what is meant by retail atmospherics. According to Kotler (1974), it is the effort to design buying environments to produce specific emotional effects in the buyer that enhances his purchase probability. A renewed interest was created in retail atmospherics through the caricature reporting by the Wall Street Journal showing a bank manager asking a customer’s opinion on the background music, which the manager has boasted of selecting himself. Such complex decisions as presenting background music are made irrationally in retail ambience. It gives the impression that no serious thought is given on creating retail atmospherics to provide a memorable experience to customers in the retail industry. Such decisions if taken rationally and thoughtfully can create a positive impact on customer perceptions of service quality, purchase, and consumption behaviour (Chebat & Dube , 2000). Developing of a customer experience has become very crucial with the importance given to the purchase of commodities. Expectations from retail managers have increased to create an environment of understanding in creating the atmospheric resources for providing the desired customer experience. Challenges in the retail atmospheric research lie in understanding the psychology of consumer reactions on the one hand and the functional requirements and planning at the firm level to provide that experience to the customers on the other hand (Chebat & Dube, 2000). Babin and Attaway (2000) have specifically worked on developing a reliable mechanism tool to innovatively measure the customers’ behavioural outcomes. Customer spending is directly impressed by a store’s capacity to create value that benefits the customer. It was found that environmentally inspired emotions affect relative spending by the customer. Their research indicates that customer behaviour can be induc ed by developing the right retail atmosphere. The value of shopping through the relationship of the customer behaviour with the retail environment provided by the retailer is justified. Research has been done on the relation between shopping behaviour and environmental factors via transformations in emotional feelings. Shoppers’ behaviour was examined through fixed time and changing time during a simulated shopping test. It included listening experience of different but familiar music provided to the shoppers. Later on shoppers’ outlook on shopping time, their mental state and product appraisal were recorded, which indicated that shoppers spent long hours while listening to favourite music, which was their perception but actually they spent long hours shopping when listening to not-popular music. Limited actual shopping times in the known music scenario were associated with increased awareness. Longer assumed shopping hours by the shoppers in popular music listening ex perience were associated to unmeasured cognitive factors. Mental states of the shoppers played a part in taking a purchase decision on a product but these impressions were not directly associated to the playing of music (Yalch and Spangenberg, 2000). Research by Turley and Milliman (2000)) also shows that impact of music is not positive and good always. Their review shows weakness of the theoretical base. Majority of customer emotion measures depend on store type. Functional and job-oriented environments are related with lower levels of pleasure and arousal-related emotions, which provides an alternative to Mehrabian and Russel (1974)) model on environmental psychology. By changing the store design and settings, emotional shopping results can be

The Economics Of Life And Death :: Economic Theory

The Economics Of Life And Death This paper begins with an explanation of the "life sequence of value," which is defined by the formula Life->Means of Life->More Life (L->MofL->L1). The analysis then contrasts this general sequence of value to the "money sequence of value," which is shown to have three autonomous forms not before distinguished: (1) Money->Means of Life->More Money ($->MofL->$1); (2) Money->Means of Life Destruction->More Money ($->MofD->$1); (3) Money->More Money->More Money ($->$1->$2->$3->$n). I explain how the first money sequence of value, analyzed by Marx in his classical formula of industrial capital (M->C->M1), has mutated so that the standard sequence of (1) assumed by economists has, in fact, been increasingly displaced by sequences (2) and (3). The argument shows that these sequences of economic "growth" increasingly dismantle environmental and civil life-fabrics, but remain unproblematic to the dominant economic paradigm whose measures of value do not register life-losses in their value a ccounts. It is concluded that a regrounding of economic understanding in the life sequence of value is required to avoid a cumulative breakdown in the conditions of social and planetary existence. "The techniques which induce a paradigm change may well be described as therapeutic, if only because, when they succeed, one learns one had been sick before." - Thomas Kuhn (1) The life sequence of value can be formulated in simple axiom as the sequence: Life --> Means of Life --> More Life ( L--> MofL -->L1) In this formula, life refers specifically to sentient life. Sentient life, in turn, is life which can move, feel and - in the case of humans - think in concepts. These three planes of being - organic movement, sensation and thought - all admit of ranges of function. These ranges of function or capability can be reduced by their economic conditions (as with the vital capabilities of a malnourished child), or increased (as with the opening horizons of movement, felt being and cognition of the same child with access to nutritious food). (2) Means of life refer to whatever enables life to be preserved, or to extend its vital range on these planes of being alive. Clean air, food, water, shelter, affective interaction, environmental space and accessible learning conditions are such "means of life". To reproduce life is to maintain its achieved ranges of capability. To increase life is to widen or deepen them to more comprehensive range. To reduce life is to diminish or to extinguish any vector of their vital domains of being.

Aim and objectives of different type of businesses Essay

When a business first starts trading it has few loyal customers and no reputation. The most likely objective for a start up business is simply survival. As the business grows and begins to win market share, the aim may shift towards expansion and increasing profits. Without aims and objectives there is no meaning to the business. The objective of both things to make business work even better than what it would normally do. An aim – Where the business wants to go in the future and its goals. It is a statement purpose. Like want to grow the business in to Europe Objectives- give the business a clearly defined target. Plans can then be made to achieve these targets. This can motivate the employees. It’s also enable the business to measure the progress towards its started aims The most effective business objectives meet the following criteria: Specific -clear and easy to understand. Measurable – i.e. able to be quantified. Achievable – possible to be reached. Realistic – not ‘pie in the sky’. Time bound – associated with a specific time period. An example of a SMART objective is to increase profits 10% within the next 12 months. SMART objectives allow the performance of business to be identified. Purpose- the purpose of having aim and objectives is to plan a way forward which will help them to establish the future state of works in other word, how their business will be in a few year’s time part of this handle is planning. So they have an uncertain concept that how they will achieve that certain goal and status in the business in few years time Another purpose of setting aims and objectives is to measure the performance, for example, how much profit they have made in the last year, so they know that they are doing better or worse than last year. They will provide information to those who are interested, which will lead to encourage them to do better. Break even- is the point at which cost or expenses and revenue are equal. For example, if a business sells fewer than 200 tables each month, it will make a loss, if it sells more, it will be a profit. With this information, the business managers will then need to see if they expect to be able to make and sell 200 tables per month. Survival- Diversifying- diversify your business by natural progression. For instance, if you sell men’s shirts, adding ties and cufflinks to the range are an obvious next step. More radically, you extend the brand by offering a much wider range of products that will nonetheless appeal to the same customers. Alternatively, you can use the strength of brand to move into new markets. Cost cutting- here is significant ways to save money without compromise: Don’t waste time- As a small business owner, you put in a lot of hours, but time is still a limited resource. Wasting time can cut into your sales and hurt your bottom line. As a general rule, anything that you can implement to save time will also save you money in the long run. Cut Out Paper- According to research by Xerox, about 40% of office paper is discarded within 24 hours of anyone printing on it. If you add up how much you spend on printing supplies, paper, and labor, you’ll quickly see that using electronic file storage can save you loads of money. Shop Around for Insurance – There are a lot of great ways to lower your insurance costs, but the most important step is to find and compare insurance policies. You should always be looking for the best rates out there, especially at renewal time. http://www.slideshare.net/tariqmehsud/nikes-presentation http://education.cambridge.org/media/576464/business_and_management_for_the_ib_diploma___cambridge_education___cambridge_university_press_samples.pdf

Exploring Structural Change in Uk Economy and Labour...

MA Human Resources and Employment Management Assignment 1 Exploring Structural Change in the UK Economy and the Extent of Labour Market Inequality Within London: Implications for the HR Function and HR Practitioners Word Count: 4,455 words (main body of assignment) Contents How the structure of the UK economy has evolved and changed since the 1970’s, the impact on organisations and HR functions 3 Overview of key factors responsible for structural change 3 Impact on the external labour market, the employment relationship, the psychological contract and the policies and practices of HR departments 4 Challenges the 2008 recession has brought for organisations and how organisations and HR departments have responded 6†¦show more content†¦Edwards amp; Wajcman (2005) describe globalization to be a process of increasing economic integration of national economic systems. This has benefited and negatively impacted the UK economy. World Bank figures report globalized economies benefit from higher GDP. On the other hand, the connectedness of the UK economy puts it as risk. The first global economic crisis was triggered by the Yom Kippur War, followed by the collapse of the Japanese economy and dot-com bubble burst led to a global recess ion (Robinson 2006). These events were later dwarfed by the global financial crisis in 2008, from which the UK economy is still struggling to recover. Impact on the external labour market, the employment relationship, the psychological contract and the policies and practices of HR departments Labour Market: Kew amp; Stredwick (2010) note a feminisation of the workplace with female participation rates increasing from 33 % in 1951 to 70 % in 2008. Giddens (2006) attributes this to three key reasons; changes to family life, financial pressures and personal fulfillment. Demographic changes have also resulted in an ageing population coupled with a reduction in UK birth rates. (Chamerlin 2011) The resulting gaps in employment have been filled by migrant workers, due to the improved mobility of labour afforded by Britain’s membership to the EU and globalisation. Employment Relationship: Economic structural shifts have led to a shift in occupationalShow MoreRelatedLondon and Uk Labour Market Essay examples3578 Words   |  15 PagesExploring Economic and Labour Market Developments and change: Participation, Equality and Disadvantage at the National and Regional Level. Issues and implications for People Management and Policy and Practice Introduction: In the last 100 years the British labour market has been in many ways a more equal and fairer society it has ever been. 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